WOMEN IN THE LABOR MARKET: PROGRESS AND BARRIERS IN ACHIEVING GENDER EQUALITY IN EMPLOYMENT AND ECONOMIC PARTICIPATION

Abstract

This study examines the progress and persistent barriers women face in achieving gender equality in the labor market, with a focus on employment opportunities and economic participation. Despite advancements in gender equality globally, women continue to face systemic discrimination, occupational segregation, and wage gaps. In Pakistan, socio-cultural factors, inadequate legal protections, and limited access to education and training contribute to the underrepresentation of women in formal labor markets. The article highlights the importance of policy reforms, the role of social norms, and the impact of education in addressing these barriers. We utilize quantitative data and case studies to analyze trends in women's participation across various sectors and assess the role of government policies in promoting gender equality. The study also explores emerging initiatives aimed at empowering women in the workforce and proposes strategies to overcome the barriers to economic inclusiont.