TRADITIONAL ECOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE AND SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES: A COMPREHENSIVE EXPLORATION OF INDIGENOUS APPROACHES TO ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION

Abstract

Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) refers to the profound understanding and practices of indigenous communities regarding their environment, accumulated over generations. This knowledge system has long contributed to environmental sustainability, providing insights into ecosystem management, conservation, and resource utilization. However, in the face of rapid modernization and environmental degradation, the preservation and integration of TEK into contemporary sustainability efforts have become critical. This article explores the diverse manifestations of TEK across different indigenous cultures, highlighting its relevance to sustainable practices in contemporary times. The study focuses on the critical role of TEK in maintaining biodiversity, conserving natural resources, and mitigating climate change impacts. Through a multi-disciplinary lens, we examine the challenges and opportunities associated with integrating TEK into modern environmental governance frameworks. Furthermore, the paper provides an analysis of the intersection between traditional knowledge and scientific approaches, showcasing how the convergence of both can pave the way for more effective and culturally inclusive sustainability initiatives. Drawing from case studies in Pakistan, this article emphasizes the importance of respecting indigenous knowledge systems in addressing global environmental crises.